Americans Are Tuning Out the World by Alkman Granitsas

Within the first few paragraphs Granitsas presents some interesting facts that back up the claim that Americans are becoming more and more disengaged with the rest of the world. For example, the American public has paid less attention to foreign affairs and does not keep up to date with what is going on thousands of miles away from home; the percentage of American university students taking a foreign language has dropped to half of what it used to be; fewer and fewer Americans have passports or travel overseas; and media coverage of foreign affairs is becoming slimmer. I thought these were all very interesting facts. Alkman Granitsas presents some very interesting thoughts as to why this may be happening: For the past 45 years Americans have witnessed a massive immigration boom. It seems like everyone else is coming here. Why would Americans want to look to the rest of the world? Much of the last two decades most Americans have seen their economic well-being grow relative to the rest of the world. Granitsas couldn't put it any simpler here. I dont think too many people think about this but, if life here is so good and the rest of the world is coming to us, why would it be any better where they are from? I think what Granitsas is asking us is this: If America is to remain a strong international power, should we not be more interactive with the world outside of our boundaries? If not how will we be able to be the strong and influencial voice for other countries that everyone perceives America to be?

America's New Empire for Liberty by Paul Johnson

Paul Johnson shows extreme patriotic pride in this essay. He starts off saying before September 11, Americas boundaries were the world, for from whatever part of the world harbored its enemies, it could be attacked and, if such enemies possessed weapons of mass destruction, mortally attacked. 9/11 was a huge awakening to America. Johnson supports his opinion by statingt that America has the language of the twenty-first century. English is already the premier world language in many respects, and this century will see its rapid extension and consolidation. America has, and will continue to acquire, the pioneering technology of the twenty-first century, its lead being widened by its success in providing a clear climate of freedom in which inventors and entrepreneurs of all kinds can operate. In the 1800's Asia produced 57% of the worlds goods whereas the west(America) only produced 29% of the worlds goods. This all has dramatically changed in the 1900 when America produced 86% and Asia 10% of the worlds goods. Paul Johnson shows us that Ameica has added $5 trillion to the annual GDP in the last quarter of the 20th century alone. Johnson is convinced that by 2050, America will constitute over a quarter of the world total and be as much as three times as big as the European Union(for example). In 2050 Johnson also believes that the Japanese working poplation will shrink by 38%, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus by 46% the European Union by 15%. While all of these countries loose the working population, America's workin population will have increased by 31% or 54 million people. Later in the essay Johnson brings up some good facts recalling that up to 1860, empire was not a term of abuse in the United States. Johnson reminds us that George Washington himself spoke of “the rising American Empire.” Johnson also tells us Thomas Jefferson was well aware of the dilemma and claimed that America was “an empire for liberty.” This is what Johnson believes America is becoming again. America’s search for security against terrorism and rogue states go hand in hand. From the Evil Empire to an Empire for Liberty is a giant step. A contrast as great as the appalling images of the wasted twentieth century and the brightening dawn of the twenty-first. All this being said Johnson has the confidence that America has the musculature and the will to take giant steps, as it has shown in the past.

Arabs in Foreign Lands by Moises Naim

Naim starts off right away describing the fact that people of Arab descent living in the United States are doing far better than the average American. That is the surprising conclusion drawn from data collected by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2000 and released last March. The census found that U.S. residents who report having Arab ancestors are better educated and wealthier than average Americans. Another fact that Moises Naim shares with us is that 24 percent of Americans hold college degrees, 41 percent of Arab Americans are college graduates. The median income for an Arab family living in the United States is $52,300—4.6 percent higher than other American families—and more than half of all Arab Americans own their home. Naim will later tell us that the success of Arab Americans relies on the fact that most Arab emigrants tend to be younger, more motivated, ambitious, and entrepreneurial. All of these things are character traits that people must have to be successfull in America. With this in mind any Arab immigrant that is successfull in the U.S. would be successfull in any country. Then Naim goes on and explains that this must not be true because European Arabs are doing terrible. European Arabs are far worse off than those in America. In Europe the Arabs are poorer, less educated, and in worse health than the rest of the population. Naim ends his essay expressing his opinion that Arab leaders should be ashamed when they see their emigrants prospering in the United States while their own people are miserable. And Europe should wake up to the possibility that it may have less of an “Arab problem” than a “European problem.” Then again, maybe the cultural determinists have an explanation for why Europeans are so predisposed against Arab success. I believe that Naim is trying to say that the Arab leaders should fell more embarassed rather than ashamed. They should want the Arab people in Europe to have the success that those Arabs in America have. Rather than being ashamed they should be embaressed and try to help the Arab Europeans to live a better life.

The Cult of Ethnicity by Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.

Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. claims that the United States needs to remember the historic forces that strove towards a nation of "one people." The U.S. was the only nation that had been successful in combining people of different races and nations into one single culture. Globally, other nations suffer from major conflict between ethnic and racial issues. Arthur M. Schlesinger lays out what the purpose of this nation was. The US became known as the "melting pot." Schlesinger states, "the pot did not melt everybody." Schlesinger's impression is that the historic forces driving toward "one people" have not lost their power. The eruption of ethnicity is, I believe, a rather superficial enthusiasm stirred by romantic ideologues on the one hand and by unscrupulous con men on the other: self-appointed spokesmen whose claim to represent their minority groups is carelessly accepted by the media. He ends his essay describing that growing diversity of the American population makes the quest for unifying ideals and a common culture all the more urgent. In a world full of ethnic and racial antagonisms, the United States serves as an example of how a highly differentiated society holds itself together. I think what Schlesinger is trying to tell us is that we Americans need to set an example for other countries. America is such a diverse country now that other countries are looking at us as leaders. Knowing this Schlesinger is telling to try and be better examples.

American Dreamer by Bharati Mukherjee

Bharati Mukherjee is an Indian born Hindu. She came to Iowa City 35 years ago to study creative writing at the University of Iowa. Muhkerjee expains to us the culture she was raised in in Calcutta India. Traditional Hindu families allow the father to choose his daughters future husband. Bharati Mukherjee did not intend to disappoint her father by settiing her own goals or by taking control of her own future. However in one of the classes she took at the University of Iowa she fell in love with a man named Clark Blaise. Blaise is an American from Canada. The two got married in a lawyers office during their lunch break. This impulsive five minute wedding changed her future dramatically. She now had loyalties towards two different cultures.
For ten years she lived in Canada with her husband until she forced her husband her two sons to relocate to the United States again. Muhkerjee describes that he life in Canada was painful, being treated as minority even though she spoke both English and French very well. Canadians considered her a "non real" Canadian because of her color.
Mukherjee goes on to explain racial acts of terrorism in Canada deepened her love of the ideals in the American bill fo Rights. She became and American citizen by choice not by simple accident of birth. Mukherjee takes her citizenship very seriously. All countries view themselves by their ideals says Mukherjee. Americans idealize themselves as the embodiments of liberty, opnness, and individualism, even though the world judges them for drugs, crime, violence, and homelessness Mukherjee says. She then explians a story about Michael Fay in Singapore who was sentenced for spray painting some cars. This was an "American" crime she explains.
Later Mukherjee expreses her excitment about as a nation we have not only the chance to retain those values we treasure from our original cultures but also the chance to acknowledge that the outrer froms of those values are likely to change. Parents express rage or despair to some aspects of Indian culture. Mukherjee would like to ask those parents this, "What is it we have lost if our children are acculturating into the culture in which we are living? Is it so terrible that our children are discovering or are inventing homelands for themselves?
Mukherjee is acknowledging that America has transformed her. She says that it does not end until she shows that she along with the hundreds of thousands of immigrants like her are minute by minute transforming America. This transformation is a two-way process that affects both the individual and the nation cultural identity.

Two Americas by Joseph Contreras

In this article Joseph Contreras writes about the clash of civilizations in America between the whites and the Hispanics. A man named Samuel P. Huntington wrote in one of his books, ”The most serious challenge to America’s traditional identity comes from the immense and continuing immigration from Latin America, especially from Mexico.” Huntington also believes that Mexican Americans feel increasingly comfortable with their own culture and often contemptuous of American culture. Many people wonder if the United States will remain a country will a single national language and a core Anglo-Protestant culture. If Americans keep ignoring this question, “Americans acquiesce to their eventual transformation into two peoples with two cultures (Anglo and Hispanic) and two languages (English and Spanish)” says Contreras. There are no significant differences between Mexican-American lifestyles and other American lifestyles.
Joseph Contreras questions if Hispanics are rejecting the powerful forces of American cultural assimilation, which swallowed up the successive waves of European immigrants who preceded them? Contreras asks “Are their swelling ranks and enduring loyalty to Latin-American culture and the Spanish language carving out Hispanic-dominated enclaves like Miami where, native Anglos and African-Americans become the ”outside minorities that can often be ignored.”” A fact that Contreras shares in his essay is that Native and foreign-born U.S. residents of Latin American ancestry overtook the blacks as the largest American minority only three years ago and are reaching the 40 million mark very fast. Between 8 and 10 million of these Hispanics are thought of as illegal immigrants, and nearly 70 percent of them are Mexicans. Contreras says that if the birthrates and rising levels of immigration keep up the way they are, Hispanics could be the majority of California in 2018 and possibly one quarter of all Americans by e the middle of this century.
The rate of Latinos going to college is also on the rise. From 1980 to 2000, the percentage of Latinos attending college went from 16 percent to 22 percent. They are making more money as well now. A statistics that Contreras includes is that the median household income rose by 4.3 percent between 1988 and 1999. Teenage and young adult Latinos work and earn more than anyone else in their age group, this includes whites too. This could be because of high unemployment rates or the fact that many do not go to college. Contreras tells us that beyond the age of 25, second generation Latinos with college degrees earn more on average than white workers with comparable educational backgrounds.

All Things Asian Are Becoming Us by Rudyard Kipling

There is a line that Rudyard Kipling once quoted. “East is East and West is West, and never the twain shall meet.” However according to Andrew Lam this is no longer true. Lam says that today the east and the west are commingled and in this country the east is on the rise. Lam uses examples in Hollywood to prove his point. One example is that Quentin Tarantino is planning kung fu movie entirely in Mandarin. Hollywood is remaking Japanese blockbusters like “The Ring” and “Shall We Dance?”
Kung fu, acupuncture, ginseng, incense, Confucian dramas, and beef noodle soup were once thought of as proprietary culture by Asian Americans has now spilled irrevocably into the mainstream says Lam. Lam helps us understand that everyday more and more Asian culture is being brought into our culture. Sushi, Vietnamese fish sauce, and acupuncture are all becoming more and more normal. Three years ago that would not have been true.
Japanese animation is even becoming more popular. Lam says there are more than 20 animated shows on cable channels, ranging from “Sailor Moon” to “Pokemon” to the latest teenage craze, “Kagemusha”, a series about a half-human, half-demon warrior on a quest. Another example that Lam gives us is that “Spirited Away” beat our Disney movies to win the Oscar for best animation in 2003. I personally have never heard of this movie but apparently enough people had heard about it and liked it.
Asian Americans have even been able to be stars in movies. “Harold and Kumar Go to White Castle” and “Better Luck Tomorrow” are a few examples. Some Asian stars in Hollywood include Ang Lee, Joan Chen, Justin Lin, John Woo, Jackie Chan, Jet Li, Chow Yun Fat, and Michelle Yeow are a few of the most popular Asian stars in Hollywood. Writer Richard Rodriguez once observed that “Each new wave of immigrants brings changes as radical as Christopher Columbus did to the Indians. Lam goes onto say the one cannot diligently practice meditation without considering one’s psychological transformation and the possibility of enlightenment, of spiritual revelation, waiting at the edge of one’s breath. Lam then tells us “A century ago, Carl Jung, a great interpreter of the psychic differences between East and West, described the Westerner as basically extroverted, driven by desire to conquer, and the Easterner as a classic introvert, driven by desire to escape suffering. The introvert tends to dismiss the “I,” Jung wrote, because in the East, it is identified with selfishness and libidinous delusions. To reach spiritual maturity, the I must be dissolved. Many a Westerner, tired of materialism, turns slowly inward in search of spiritual uplift, while introversion and ego-dissolving are no longer consuming Asian quests.”

Not Ignorant, Not Helpless by Larraine Ali

This is an essay written by Lorraine Ali about women in the Muslim world. The author starts out saying “If I’d never known a Muslim woman, I’d probably pity any female born into Islam.” This is how Ali gets our attention. She wants us to read on see what it’s really like to be a Muslim woman. Ali tells us that “Americans stereotype Muslim women as timid creatures, covered from head to toe, who scurry rather than walk. They have no rights, no voices and no place outside the home.” Ali goes on to tell us that she happens to know plenty of Muslim women and that these stereotypes are not always the case. She says she has seen many women argue about politics with MEN at the dinner table, she has seen them slap their husbands on the head for telling off color jokes. At a media conference she witnessed Muslim women with hairdos that were just like J. Lo’s.
Ali tells us that many Afghan women are forbidden to attend school. Saudi women are not allowed to drive. Over the past few decades these societies are not the norm any longer in the Muslim world. During this time Egypt women have become cops patrolling the streets. Jordan women make up the majority of students in medical school. Syria courtrooms are filled with female lawyers. Leila Ahmed from the Harvard Divinity School says “Women are working, in every profession, and even expect equal pay.”
With all of these rights that the Muslim women are gaining most women still feel neglected when it comes to politics. Every woman wants to know what the country is doing and where their husbands are running off to. Their husbands can go off and fight but they can’t. Some of leaders in the Muslim world believe that allowing women into the military is considered “hiding behind the skirts of a woman.” Women in Islam were having their very own women’s rights act. Doria Shafik was one of these women. In 1940 Shafik fought for her right to vote in Egypt. Although she was not allowed to place her vote she kept on fighting until finally she was able to cast her first ballot in Cairo in 1956. Ali tells us that “millions of women in the Muslim world still love the societies they’re born into, regardless of jihadist manipulation or American intervention. If reform is to come, they will be the ones who push it forward.”

Love and Race by Nicholas D. Kristof

The essay Love and Race was written by Nicholas D. Kristof. In this essay Kristof tells us about many different kinds of people dating other people that are different from one another. He starts of the first paragraph saying “Instead of preying on people of different races, young Americans are falling in love with them.” The University of Mississippi was once known as the symbol of racial confrontation. Kristof tells us that white people are dating black people even at the University of Mississippi. In the United States there are 1.5 million people that are married to someone not of the same color or race. This number is doubling each decade.
Kristof also goes on to say that 40 percent of Asian-Americans and 6 percent of blacks have married whites in recent years. And 40 percent of Americans had dated someone else of another race. However the rise in interracial marriage reflects a revolution in attitudes. Kristof tells us a story as recent as 1958 a white mother in North Carolina, called the police after her little girl kissed a black playmate on the cheek. This boy was 9 years old and sent to prison for 14 years for attempted rape. (His appeals failed, but was released later after an outcry.) Kristof then goes on to tell us that in 1963 59 percent of Americans thought that marriage between blacks and whites should be illegal. At one point in time 42 states banned interracial marriage, although the Supreme Court finally invalidated these laws in 1967.
Interracial marriage is a good thing. It welcomes thoroughgoing desegregation says Kristof. In this article Kristof explains that there are a lot of “big shots” in this country that are married to people of another race. This people he talks about are high class citizens involved in our government that many people look up to. Kristof was excited to find interracial couples at Ole Miss but couldn’t find anyone of the couples to talk to him about their relationship. A minister on the campus said “Even if people wanted to marry interracially, I think they would keep it kind of quiet.” The segregations of the 19th century warned us that granting rights to blacks would be the start of a slippery slope, ending up with black men marrying white women. These racists were prophetic. They warned that racial equality would lead to “mongrelization” of America says Kristof. He said perhaps they were right in a sense, for we are going to increasingly see a blurring of racial distinctions.

Globalization of Eating Disorders by Susan Bordo

Susan Bordo’s article “The Globalization of Eating Disorders” will really question how you perceive others as well as yourself. Bordo’s article gives us plenty of examples of women as well as men across the world changing their habits to look like someone else.
Most of these women have an eating disorder, an image disorder, or maybe even both. What happens to these women is serious. To these women it is never good enough. They cannot seem to satisfy themselves until they get very sick.
Some men with this image disorder are obsessing over the way they look too. We all want to be ripped, lean, and tone, but some men take it too serious and start abusing steroids. Facial creams to make men look younger are becoming more and more popular.
People all across the world are changing eating habits and the way they dress. In Bordo’s article she gives us an example that explains how one country can change in only three years. Prior to 1995 Fiji did not have televisions and women did not have eating disorders. In 1995 Fiji introduced the first television station. In 1998 girls were dieting during previous months. Some girls admitted to vomiting to control their weight.
As you read on in Bordo’s article and as I already mentioned, men everywhere are developing this eating and image disorders. Why is it that this is becoming an issue for men now too? Men are always teasing women about their insecurity. Now we find out that these men are insecure about the way they look as well. Bordo tells us that men will look in the mirror to find that they are “soft and ill defined” regardless of how muscular they actually are. Women look in the mirror and think “I’m fat, I need to lose weight.” Men look in the mirror and think “I’m weak, I need to work out and build my arm strength.” Although these are different thoughts, they are exactly the same. They share a body image disorder. The women will stop eating and become very ill and the men will use steroids to build themselves up. Obviously neither of the two solutions are very healthy at all.
The role the media plays is so powerful that men and women across the world are willing to change their believes and their day to day habits only to look like someone else. Bordo wrote this article to warn us all how serious these disorders can be. Who is to blame for these changes across the world? There are many variables we can blame it on but we simply do not know. What will you do to stop it from affecting you and your loved ones?